| Last Modified: | January 28, 2018, at 08:40 PM |
| By: | |
| Platform: | UNO (others not tested) |
The DHT11 is a relatively cheap sensor for measuring temperature and humidity. This article describes a small library for reading both from the sensor. The DHT22 is similar to the DHT11 and has greater accuracy. However, this library is not suitable for the DHT21 or DHT22 as they have a different data format. Check DHTlib for support of these sensors.
This library is tested on a MEGA2560 and is confirmed working on an Arduino 2009.
Niesteszeck has made an interrupt-driven library for the DHT11 sensor.
Andy Dalton has made a modified version. Difference is that the DATAPIN is defined in the constructor, resulting in one dedicated object per sensor.
The DHT11 has three lines: GND, +5V and a single data line. By means of a handshake, the values are clocked out over the single digital line.
Datasheet: http://www.micro4you.com/files/sensor/DHT11.pdf
3 pins break out shield version - http://www.geeetech.com/wiki/index.php/Electric_thermometer_by_using_DHT11_sensor_module
The library proposed here is based upon earlier work of George Hadjikyriacou. SimKard created a new version, which I engineered together with him, resulting in the current 0.3.2 version. It is not backwards compatible with the earlier 0.2 version as temperature conversion and dewpoint calculations were removed from the class to keep the it as minimal as possible. This made the library quite a bit smaller. The sample sketch presented below includes the dewPoint functions so one can still use them.
The class interface supports only one function for reading the humidity and temperature (both members of the class). The read() function verifies the data transmission's checksum. Furthermore, it has a timeout function (which may be improved). The class is kept simple and, with one instance, it's possible to read multiple sensors, provided that each sensor has a separate pin.
The read() function returns
The sample sketch shows two dewPoint functions. One more professional (NOAA-based) and a faster one called dewPointFast(). The latter is smaller and 5x faster than the NOAA one, with has a maximum error of 0.6544 C. As the DHT11 sensor has ~ 1% accuracy, the fast version might be accurate enough for most applications.
A sketch shows how the library can be used to read the sensor:
//
// FILE: dht11_test1.pde
// PURPOSE: DHT11 library test sketch for Arduino
//
//Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion
double Fahrenheit(double celsius)
{
return 1.8 * celsius + 32;
}
// fast integer version with rounding
//int Celcius2Fahrenheit(int celcius)
//{
// return (celsius * 18 + 5)/10 + 32;
//}
//Celsius to Kelvin conversion
double Kelvin(double celsius)
{
return celsius + 273.15;
}
// dewPoint function NOAA
// reference (1) : https://wahiduddin.net/calc/density_algorithms.htm
// reference (2) : https://www.colorado.edu/geography/weather_station/Geog_site/about.htm
//
double dewPoint(double celsius, double humidity)
{
// (1) Saturation Vapor Pressure = ESGG(T)
double RATIO = 373.15 / (273.15 + celsius);
double RHS = -7.90298 * (RATIO - 1);
RHS += 5.02808 * log10(RATIO);
RHS += -1.3816e-7 * (pow(10, (11.344 * (1 - 1/RATIO ))) - 1) ;
RHS += 8.1328e-3 * (pow(10, (-3.49149 * (RATIO - 1))) - 1) ;
RHS += log10(1013.246);
// factor -3 is to adjust units - Vapor Pressure SVP * humidity
double VP = pow(10, RHS - 3) * humidity;
// (2) DEWPOINT = F(Vapor Pressure)
double T = log(VP/0.61078); // temp var
return (241.88 * T) / (17.558 - T);
}
// delta max = 0.6544 wrt dewPoint()
// 6.9 x faster than dewPoint()
// reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point
double dewPointFast(double celsius, double humidity)
{
double a = 17.271;
double b = 237.7;
double temp = (a * celsius) / (b + celsius) + log(humidity*0.01);
double Td = (b * temp) / (a - temp);
return Td;
}
#include <dht11.h>
dht11 DHT11;
#define DHT11PIN 2
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("DHT11 TEST PROGRAM ");
Serial.print("LIBRARY VERSION: ");
Serial.println(DHT11LIB_VERSION);
Serial.println();
}
void loop()
{
Serial.println("\n");
int chk = DHT11.read(DHT11PIN);
Serial.print("Read sensor: ");
switch (chk)
{
case DHTLIB_OK:
Serial.println("OK");
break;
case DHTLIB_ERROR_CHECKSUM:
Serial.println("Checksum error");
break;
case DHTLIB_ERROR_TIMEOUT:
Serial.println("Time out error");
break;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
break;
}
Serial.print("Humidity (%): ");
Serial.println((float)DHT11.humidity, 2);
Serial.print("Temperature (°C): ");
Serial.println((float)DHT11.temperature, 2);
Serial.print("Temperature (°F): ");
Serial.println(Fahrenheit(DHT11.temperature), 2);
Serial.print("Temperature (°K): ");
Serial.println(Kelvin(DHT11.temperature), 2);
Serial.print("Dew Point (°C): ");
Serial.println(dewPoint(DHT11.temperature, DHT11.humidity));
Serial.print("Dew PointFast (°C): ");
Serial.println(dewPointFast(DHT11.temperature, DHT11.humidity));
delay(2000);
}
//
// END OF FILE
//
In setup() The version string (a define) is displayed. This is for debugging purpose only.
In loop() the sensor is read and the fields temperature and humidity are filled. The return value of the read function is checked and displayed. Then the temperature and humidity is shown in various formats, and the dew point is calculated and displayed.
To use the library, make a folder in your SKETCHBOOKPATH\libaries with the name DHT11 and put the .h and .cpp there. Optionally make a examples subdirectory to place the sample app. Be aware that the library will only be visible after restarting all instances of the Arduino IDE.
made the lib 1.0 compatible (Wprogram.h vs Arduino.h)
Enjoy tinkering,
rob.tillaart@removethisgmail.com
//
// FILE: dht11.h
// VERSION: 0.4.1
// PURPOSE: DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor library for Arduino
// LICENSE: GPL v3 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html)
//
// DATASHEET: https://www.micro4you.com/files/sensor/DHT11.pdf
//
// URL: https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/DHT11Lib
//
// HISTORY:
// George Hadjikyriacou - Original version
// see dht.cpp file
//
#ifndef dht11_h
#define dht11_h
#if defined(ARDUINO) && (ARDUINO >= 100)
#include <Arduino.h>
#else
#include <WProgram.h>
#endif
#define DHT11LIB_VERSION "0.4.1"
#define DHTLIB_OK 0
#define DHTLIB_ERROR_CHECKSUM -1
#define DHTLIB_ERROR_TIMEOUT -2
class dht11
{
public:
int read(int pin);
int humidity;
int temperature;
};
#endif
//
// END OF FILE
//
//
// FILE: dht11.cpp
// VERSION: 0.4.1
// PURPOSE: DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor library for Arduino
// LICENSE: GPL v3 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html)
//
// DATASHEET: https://www.micro4you.com/files/sensor/DHT11.pdf
//
// HISTORY:
// George Hadjikyriacou - Original version (??)
// Mod by SimKard - Version 0.2 (24/11/2010)
// Mod by Rob Tillaart - Version 0.3 (28/03/2011)
// + added comments
// + removed all non DHT11 specific code
// + added references
// Mod by Rob Tillaart - Version 0.4 (17/03/2012)
// + added 1.0 support
// Mod by Rob Tillaart - Version 0.4.1 (19/05/2012)
// + added error codes
//
#include "dht11.h"
// Return values:
// DHTLIB_OK
// DHTLIB_ERROR_CHECKSUM
// DHTLIB_ERROR_TIMEOUT
int dht11::read(int pin)
{
// BUFFER TO RECEIVE
uint8_t bits[5];
uint8_t cnt = 7;
uint8_t idx = 0;
// EMPTY BUFFER
for (int i=0; i< 5; i++) bits[i] = 0;
// REQUEST SAMPLE
pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
delay(18);
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(40);
pinMode(pin, INPUT);
// ACKNOWLEDGE or TIMEOUT
unsigned int loopCnt = 10000;
while(digitalRead(pin) == LOW)
if (loopCnt-- == 0) return DHTLIB_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
loopCnt = 10000;
while(digitalRead(pin) == HIGH)
if (loopCnt-- == 0) return DHTLIB_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
// READ OUTPUT - 40 BITS => 5 BYTES or TIMEOUT
for (int i=0; i<40; i++)
{
loopCnt = 10000;
while(digitalRead(pin) == LOW)
if (loopCnt-- == 0) return DHTLIB_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
unsigned long t = micros();
loopCnt = 10000;
while(digitalRead(pin) == HIGH)
if (loopCnt-- == 0) return DHTLIB_ERROR_TIMEOUT;
if ((micros() - t) > 40) bits[idx] |= (1 << cnt);
if (cnt == 0) // next byte?
{
cnt = 7; // restart at MSB
idx++; // next byte!
}
else cnt--;
}
// WRITE TO RIGHT VARS
// as bits[1] and bits[3] are allways zero they are omitted in formulas.
humidity = bits[0];
temperature = bits[2];
uint8_t sum = bits[0] + bits[2];
if (bits[4] != sum) return DHTLIB_ERROR_CHECKSUM;
return DHTLIB_OK;
}
//
// END OF FILE
//
A small testprogram to compare the dewPoint algorithms
//
// FILE: test_dewPoint.pde
// VERSION: 0.1.01
// PURPOSE: test dewpoint
//
// HISTORY:
// 2011-05-01 first version
// 2013-08-04 updated
//
#include <dewpoint.h> // make a .h file of the dewpoint functions above or copy them here instead
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200);
double f;
double x;
unsigned long b = millis();
for (int i=0; i<1000; i++)
{
x = dewPoint(10,50);
}
unsigned long e = millis();
Serial.println(x, 4);
Serial.println(e-b);
f = e-b;
b = millis();
for (int i=0; i<1000; i++)
{
x = dewPointFast(10,50);
}
e = millis();
Serial.println(x, 4);
Serial.println(e-b);
f /= (e-b);
Serial.print("Factor: ");
Serial.println(f);
double m = 0;
for (int t = -30; t < 70; t++)
{
for (int h = 0; h < 100; h++)
{
double x = dewPoint(t, h);
double y = dewPointFast(t, h);
m = max(abs(x-y), m);
if (m > 0.5)
{
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.println(h);
}
}
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println();
Serial.print("max: ");
Serial.println(m);
Serial.println("done");
}
void loop()
{
}