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The LM35 is a common TO-92 temperature sensor. It is often used with the equation

temp = (5.0 * analogRead(tempPin) * 100.0) / 1024;
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However, this does not yield high resolution. This can easily be avoided, however. The LM35 only produces voltages from 0 to +1V. The ADC uses 5V as the highest possible value. This is wasting 80% of the possible range. If you change aRef to 1.1V, you will get almost the highest resolution possible.

The original equation came from taking the reading, finding what percentage of the range (1024) it is, multiplying that by the range itself(aRef, or 5000 mV), and dividing by ten (10 mV per degree Celcius, according to the datasheet: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf

However, if you use 1.1V as aRef, the equation changes entirely. If you divide 1.1V over 1024, each step up in the analog reading is equal to approximately 0.001074V = 1.0742 mV. If 10mV is equal to 1 degree Celcius, 10 / 1.0742 = ~9.31. So, for every change of 9.31 in the analog reading, there is one degree of temperature change.

To change aRef to 1.1V, you use the command "analogReference(INTERNAL);"

Here's an example sketch using 1.1 as aRef:


float tempC;
int reading;
int tempPin = 0;

void setup()
{
analogReference(INTERNAL);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
reading = analogRead(tempPin);
tempC = reading / 9.31;
Serial.println(tempC);
delay(1000);
}

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With this sketch, approximately a tenth of a degree resolution is possible. Of course, such small numbers are going to be somewhat inaccurate because aRef will not be exactly 1.1V. Also, the LM35 is only guaranteed to be within 0.5 degrees of the actual temperature. However, it does yield higher resolution, if only for appearances' sake.

A side note: with aRef at 1.1V, the temperature range of the LM35 is limited to 0 to 110 degrees Celcius.